MWI Bureau

Ladle is a metallurgical vessel that is used to transport and pour out molten metals. They also serve as a vessel that is used for reheating, ferroalloy addition, refining, degassing and inclusion modification after tapping of the steel. Ladles can have a capacity from 20 kilograms to 300 tonnes. Many non-ferrous foundries also use ceramic crucibles for transporting and pouring molten metal which is also known as ladles.

The lining thickness and the magnesia percentage are varied depending on the need for higher sequence. The working lining protects against slag wear(different metallic oxides and ladle carry over slag and tundish covering compound contributes to erosion) and prevents corrosion of the safety lining, provides resistance to thermal shock,

The index of the eight core industries, which is believed to be the leading indicator of India’s GDP numbers, plummeted 5.2 % for the September 2019 year on year basis, posting its worst performance in 14 years.

Safety lining design is a balance between three keys areas of heat flow (shell protection, thermal losses), insulation material strength (lining integrity) and chemical wear(higher corrosion).

Ladle slag detection is important for continuous casting operation and product quality because of the following reasons: · Increase the purity of molten steel by eliminating further inclusion formation. · Improve the quality of billet/slab. · Decrease the erosion of refractory in the tundish. · Improve the productivity of continuous casting.

Tundish deskulling is a major problem in the continuous casting of steel, and this problem occurs because of the chemical reactions between the refractory lining and the slag carry over from ladle to tundish.

The tundish design fundamentals are based on the idea of steady-state operation rather than transitional, or nonsteady-state operations. The primary functions of the tundish are to act as a buffer reservoir between the ladle and the mold but nowadays its functions have been broadly diversified which includes effective inclusion removal, thermal equilibration, chemical homogenization, and

t has been observed that the life of slide gate plates is the bottleneck which accounts for inferior performance of the overall slide gate refractory system. The performance of the slide gate plate is dependent on many factors such as refractory material, operating conditions, steel grade and slide gate mechanism.

The latest evolutions in the tundish design is the introduction of H – shaped tundish. The H-shaped design essentially consists of linked troughs, which allow the bridging of a ladle exchange period without the fall in tundish weight as experienced in conventional tundishes. In normal operation, a single set of hydraulics is used to manipulate the ladle gates from the tundish platform, such that the teeming rate drops to zero during the ladle change.

India has finally declared to stay out of RCEP negotiation which could have put domestic agricultural and industries at risk due to surge in imports. The decision will further strengthen governments ‘Make in India’ plan. While the trade pact would have opened up India's market but there were no assurances on getting access to markets like China, was one of the driving factor for this decision.